雌核发育系红鲤8305的产生及其生物学特性

THE PRODUCTION OF PURE LINE RED CARP 8305 AND ITS BIOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS

于1981年,以经过γ射线或紫外线处理的近类精子作为激活源,成功地诱发兴国红鲤(cyprinus carpio)卵子的雌核发育。经两代连续雌核发育的部分后代个体进行人工转性,使之成为“生理雄性”,并以“生理雄性”个体与其同胞姐妹交配所产后代为遗传特性纯一的个体——红鲤8305。检查了LDH,EST,MDH,SOD,IDH及运铁蛋白(transferrin)的座位,发现同一个系的不同个体之间等位基因没有差别,而且各座位的等位基因都是纯合的。血清学试验表明,控制红鲤8305雌核发育系的红细胞表面抗原的基因纯合度相当高,同系个体之间的鳞片移植成活率可达89％以上,说明控制MHC基因的纯合度很高。

Induction of gynogenesis of the Xingguo Red Carp (Cyprinus carpio var.) has been carried out since 1988. By means of γ-rays (dosage of 1.3×10-2J) or ultraviolet (2 350 A, 30W×2, 30 min), the sperms of related species (Carassius auratus or Megalobrama ambly--cephala) were irradiated and used as an activation agent, the matured eggs of Xingguo Red Carp were successfully induced to gynogenesis. All of the gynogentic embryos are maternal hereditary without any paternal characteristics. There is only one genome(N = 50) in almost all of the gynonetic embryonic cell. However, there is no significant difference between frequencies of the activation by irradiation and fertilization with a normal sperms. Majority of the gynogenetic embryo had a haploid syndrome of edema, enlarged cardiocoelom and bent caudal part. As a result of natural diploidization a minority of gynogenetic embryo(0.15-0.20%) was normal gynogenetic diploid. Wi+h normal viability naturally diploidized gynogenetic diploid individuals grew normally and developed into maturation. After two successive gynogenesis, in the second generation of gynogenesis all individuals came of a same egg. After being treated with androgen, part of individuals of second gynogenetic generation was artificially reversed into 'physiological male'. Mating 'physiological male' with its sisters he pure line--Red Carp 8305 was established. Loci of some isozymes and cransferrin were examined. The results showed that in the same locus there was no different allele between different individuals of Red Carp 8305 and no heterozygotes had been found. However, there are 7 alleles of transferrin and the G-locus and 1-locus of Esterase, B-locus of Lactate Dehydrogenase, s-Malate Dehydrogenase, s-Isocitrate Dehydrogenase, Superoxide Dismutase are found to be polymorphic in the common carp populations. Using red blood cell of the Red Carp 8305 as an antigen from rabbit the special antiserum was made. The results of tests of cross hema-gglutination between the special antiserum and the red blood cell of Red Carp 8305 and those of other carp varieties showed that the reaction values were different between these varieties, but the values of different individuals of the Red Carp 8305 are of the same level, the titre is about 2 000. The serological assay showed that genes controlling the red blood cell allotypic antigens were homogenous to a great extent in Red Carp 8305. The survival rate of scale transplantation between different individuals of Red Carp 8305 was over 87%. It appears that genes controlling MHC are homogenic.