苏麦3号单体系统的培育与鉴定

THE DEVELOPMENT AND IDENTIFICATION OF MONOSOMIC SERIES OF COMMON WHEAT VARIETY″SU-MEI″NO.3

苏麦3号单体系统是1979年开始用回交方法产生的,目的为开展抗病种质导入和新品种选育提供优良抗赤霉病遗传背景,经细胞学鉴定苏麦3号21个单体核型均为2n—1—20″+1′=41,以中国春双端体系统测交,测交子代2n—l株的核型均为200″+t′,证明苏麦3号单体系统没有发生单价体变迁,正确无误地培育成功了.

The wheat variety“Su—Mei”No.3 is a resistance one to the scab fungus,Gibberella zeae.The development of its monosomic series would provide a good resistance scabfungus genetic background for the wheat germplasm improvement.The.method of breeding“Su—Mei”No.3 monosomics was by crossing chinese springmonosomics(female)and“Su—Mei”No.3(male)and subsequent backcross using individualF_1,and backcross hybrids' monosomic plants with the karyotype of 2n-1=20″+1′=41 asthe female parent and“Su—Mei”No.3 as the recurrent parent.A new set of“Su—Mei”No.3 monosomic series has been established from 1979—1987.Each monosomic karyotypa was 2n-1=20″+1′=41.In order to check the accuracy ofchromosomal orders of monosomic lines,the resulting monosomics were test crossed withrespective ditelosomics of chiness spring.As a result,21 F_1′ s of test crosses showing 20bivalents and monotelosomic(20″+t′)were identified.Of all monosomics,1A、4D、6B had late heading.In plant height,the homoeologous group4,1A、1D、2B、6B、6D and 7B were distinguishable from disomic by comparison.Inhomoeologous 2,1A、1B、3D、4A、4B、5A、5B and 6D,the spike length showed highly significantreduction.It is noted that 1A、2B and 5B had highly significantly more spikelets than control,while 4B had highly significantly fewer.Of these monosomies,1A、2B and 5B showed reducedspike length and increased spikelet number and spike density,2B being the extreme with highestspike density and shortest plant.The small spike form appeared only in the 4B.It is also foundthat flag leaf area of monsomics 1B、2D、3D、4B、4D、5A、6D and 7B were highly significantsmaller than that of disomic.