云杉雪霉病的病原菌研究

Pathomycete Studies on Snow Mould of Spruce

云杉雪霉病系国内首次报道。该病主要发生在积雪深厚的新疆天山西部、准噶尔西部山地和阿尔泰山的部分林区,重病区苗木年平均损失率41％～62％。在天山西部,雪霉病的主要病原菌有灰葡萄孢(Botrytis cinerea)、核盘菌(Solerotinia sclerotiorum)、狭窄平截盘多毛孢(Tr-uncatella angustata)。其中后者为国内新记录种。在巩留林区卡西苗圃和室内进行病原菌生物学特性观察、致病性测定等模拟实验;在田间设置微机温度数字采集系统,观测雪层和土壤层的温度动态,结果说明,在雪盖下,冬季土壤不结冻,或仅在浅土层短期轻微结冻,苗冠层处于低温高湿状态,适合雪霉病发生。

Snow mould of spruce was reported for the first time in Western Tianshan in this paper. In some forest area of Aletaishan and Western Zhungeer Mountains, 41 %~62 % of the spruce seedlings was damaged by the disease, which was caused by the pathogens: Botrytis cinerea Pers., Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib.) de Bary and Truncatella angustata (Pers. ex Lk) Hnghes. T. angustata is a new species recorded for the first time in China. Biological characteristics of the pathogens and the pathoginicity test have been conducted both in the field and in the lab. in Kaxi Nursery, Gon-gliu Forest Region. In the field, Microcomputer Figure Collection System was used to observe the temperature dynamics in the layers of snow and soil. Deep snow covers the ground from fall to late spring, so that the soil does not freeze at that time, which provides a suitable condition for the development of snow moulding.