农村妇女的就业与收入——基于山西若干样本村的实证分析

Rural Women: Employment and Income ——An Empirical Analysis Based on the Data from Sample Villages

本文根据 1996年 10个样本村的调查数据对 90年代以来中国农村妇女的就业与收入状况作了实证分析。分析表明 :农村男女劳动力在家庭内部劳动分工方面存在明显的性别差异 ,农村妇女劳动力的非农就业机会相对较少 ,因而被大量配置于农业劳动和家务劳动 ;农村妇女劳动力在农业经营中的报酬率高于男性劳动力 ,相反在非农业经营领域其报酬率明显低于男性劳动力 ,两者的收入差异主要在于他们在获取非农业收入方面的差异 ,同时也表明在劳动力市场上存在一定程度的性别歧视。

Based on data from the investigation of the ten sample villages conducted in 1996, this paper makes an empirical analysis of the employment and income of rural women in China. The results show that there are obvious gender differences in the division of household chores in the rural areas. Fewer job opportunities in non agricultural sectors are available for women, who do most of farm work and housework. The rate of return is higher for women than for men in agricultural operation, which is opposite to their rate of return in non agricultural operations. The difference between the two sexes in income can be attributed to the gap between them in non agricultural sectors. This difference also points to the fact that sex discrimination against women exists to some extent on the labor market.