棉属(Gossypium)野生种与栽培种杂交杂种F_1遗传性状及细胞学研究

STUDY ON GENETIC CHARACTERISTICS AND CYTOLOGY OF F_1 HYBRIDS FROM WILD SPECIES OF GOSSYPIUM X CULTIVATED COTTON VARIETIES

研究了栽培种陆地棉(G.hirsutum)与异常棉(G.anomalum)、斯特提棉(G.sturtianum)、雷蒙德氏棉(G.raimondii)、辣根棉(G.armourianum)、司笃克氏棉(G.stocksii)杂交杂种 F_1的遗传性状及减数分裂过程中的染色体行为。结果表明,杂种 F_1植株不育,在茎、叶形态、茸毛、颜色、花冠大小、颜色,基部有红心等表现了野生亲本的特性。各杂种减数分裂过程中产生少数二价体或极少数的三价、四价体,大部分为单价体。后期形成较多的异常多分体,而后产生大量的大小不一致的小孢子,而且绝大部分无生活力。还分析了母本陆地棉与5个野生种父本的亲缘关系。

Genetic characteristics chromosome behavier during metaphase,tetrad occurred in araphase and formation of polyad and microspore of F_1 hybrids from Gossypium hirsutum × G.anoma- lum,G.hirsutum × G.sturtianum,G.hirsutum × raimondii,G.hirsutum × G.armourianum and G.hirsutum × G.stocksii were studied.Results showed that plants from all F_1 hybrids are sterile with the characteristics of stem pattern,plant color,hairs,corrola color and red color at corrola base showing typocal characters of wild parents.Chromosome comfiguration at metaphase of F_1 hybrids of 5 crosses are 2n=39=27.14 Ⅰ+5.51 Ⅱ+0.18 Ⅲ+0.07 Ⅳ,2n=39=26.68 Ⅰ +5.92 Ⅱ+0.08 Ⅲ+0.06 Ⅳ,2n=39=15.32 Ⅰ+11.84 Ⅱ,2n=39=17.14 Ⅰ+10.79 Ⅱ+ 0.07 Ⅲ,and 2n=39=29.66 Ⅰ+4.63 Ⅱ+0.03 Ⅲ,respectively.Each hybrid has different num- bers of a few tetrads and mang polyads and aifferent size of microspores with no vigor.G.hirsu- turn has a close consanguinity with G.raimondii and G.armourianum but a remote consangninity with other wild species.