亲虾营养需求研究进展

A REVIEW OF DIETARY REQUIREMENT OF SHRIMP BROODSTOCK

综述了营养对虾类繁殖的作用。营养是亲虾培育与繁殖中的关键因素。大量研究表明,饵料中适宜水平的蛋白质(及氨基酸组成)、脂肪(包括甘油三酯、磷脂、固醇、高度不饱和脂肪酸)、维生素(VA,VE,VC)和类胡萝卜素是亲虾性腺发育和繁殖的必需营养因子;此外,沙蚕、鱿鱼等天然饵料中的一些未知因子也可能通过内分泌系统起关键的调控作用。对以上各营养因子及未知因子的进一步研究,有助于开发营养全面、高效的亲虾人工饲料,以进行更经济、高度可控的全人工虾苗培育。

This paper reviews the current knowledge on shrimp broodstock nutrition.Nutrition has been identified as a key factor in shrimp broodstock maturation and reproduction.To ensure ovarian maturation and reproductive performance,local fresh food items (such as bloodworm,oyster,squid,etc) are used as main broodstock diets.Due to the lack of enough knowledge on broodstock nutrition,almost every attempt to completely replace fresh food with artificial diets resulted in a decrease in ovarian maturation,reduced numbers of spawns and inferior egg quality.A large number of studies showed that protein (and the amino acid profile),lipid (including triacylglycerides,phospholipid,cholesterol and highly unsaturated fatty acids),vitamin (including VA,VEand VC) and carotenoids were indispensable to the normal development of gonad,reproductive performance and offspring quality.Some unknown factors in natural diets such as bloodworm and squid may also play an important role in stimulating maturation through the endocrine system.Further studies on these nutrients and unknown factors may contribute greatly to the development of more effective and perfect artificial diets for shrimp broodstock,thus to make shrimp breeding in a more economic and controllable way.