流行性乙型脑炎减毒活疫苗与灭活疫苗免疫效果及人体接种反应观察

Analysis on the Immune Effects and Safety of the Live Attenuated and the Inactivated Japanese Encephalitis Vaccines

为比较流行性乙型脑炎 (乙脑 )减毒活疫苗和灭活疫苗的免疫效果和安全性 ,选择北京市 1～ 2周岁应初免儿童 2 6 4名 ,分组接种乙脑减毒活疫苗和乙脑灭活疫苗 ,观察人体接种反应 ,采用细胞蚀斑减少中和试验检测免疫前及免疫后血清乙脑中和抗体。结果显示 :减毒活疫苗组抗体阳转率和阳性抗体几何平均滴度 (GMT)分别为91 30 %和 1∶2 0 2 2 ;灭活疫苗组为 6 4 38%和 1∶16 5 1。经统计学分析 ,减毒活疫苗组抗体阳转率和阳性抗体GMT均高于灭活疫苗组。经观察 ,减毒活疫苗组和灭活疫苗组人体反应均为发热和接种部位轻度红肿 ,发热率分别为 8 5 1%和 8 13% ,中、强反应率为 2 13%和 0 81% ,红肿率为 1 4 2 %和 0 81%。所有发热及轻度红肿者均于2 4h恢复正常。提示 :乙脑减毒活疫苗免疫效果好 ,免疫针次少 ,安全性好 ,是现阶段预防乙脑比较理想的疫苗 。

year old children were selected from Beijing for basic immunization with live attenuated and inactivated Japanese encephatitis(JE)vaccines separately. The serum samples one month prior and post vaccination were collected and tested by PRNT assay for antibody response.The results showed that the antibody positive rate and GMT were 90.30% and 1∶20.22 after live attenuated JE vaccine inoculation and that of the inactivated JE vaccine were 64.38% and 1∶16.51 respectively,there was a significant difference between the live attenuated and inactivated JE vaccines.We found that a few of the children had mild-effect and low fever.The fever rates were 8.51%,8.13%,the moderate and severe effects were 2.13%,0.8%, the red swelling rates were 1.42% and 0.81% in live attenuated and inactivated JE vaccines respectively. All the effects recovered normal after 24h.The survey demonstrates that the immune effect of live attenuated JE vaccine is better than the inactivated,it is safe and only l dose of vaccine is required.It is fit for popularization.