桂西地区壮族巨大胎儿临床特征及相关因素探讨

Clinical characteristics and the correlated factors of fetal macrosomia of Zhuang nationality in western Guangxi

目的 探讨桂西地区壮族巨大胎儿的临床特征及相关围生因素。方法 将 15 0例巨大胎儿与同期出生的 15 0例正常出生体重的足月儿作为对照研究 ,比较孕妇年龄、身高、体重、孕周、宫高、腹围、并发症及新生儿情况。结果 巨大儿组平均胎龄、体重、身高、双顶径、男性比例及新生儿窒息发生率明显高于对照组 ;其母亲年龄、身高、孕周、孕次、宫高、腹围及围生期并发症亦高于对照组 ,P 均 <0 .0 1。结论 该地区巨大儿发生率以男性为主。分娩的方式往往决定着他们的临床结局 ;孕妇的年龄、身高、体重、孕周、宫高及腹围是产前诊断巨大胎儿主要的相关因素 ;巨大儿的分娩方式应以剖宫产为相对安全。

Objective To observe the clinical characteristics and its correlative perinatal factors of fetal macrosomia of Zhuang nationality in western Guangxi. Methods All the indexes of the age of pregnant women, the stature, the body weight, the gestational age, the womb height, the circumference of abdomen, complication and the condition of the neonates were comparatively studied between Group A ( fetal macrosomia group, n=150) and Group B (normal weight group, born at the same period, n=150). Results All the item indexes of the mean gestational age, the body weight, the stature, the biparietal diameters, the male rate and the incidence rate of newborn suffocation in Group A were significantly higher than those in Group B; and all the indexes of the pregnant women age, stature, gestational age, gestational times, womb height, circumference of abdomen and perinatal complication in Group A were also higher than those in Group B, all the P values were <0.01. Conclusions The incidence of fetal macrosomia was mainly in male fetus in this region. Usually, labor way resulted in their clinicl features; the main correlated factors to prenatally diagnose fetal macrosomia were the pregnant women age, their stature, the body weight, gestational age, womb height and circumferenc of abdomen; and the cesarean section is relatively safe in labor for fetal macrosomia.