城市化──妇女发展的又一机遇与挑战

Urbanization: Another Opportunity and Challenge for Women's Development

21世纪上半叶，中国即将经历城市化加速的过程，城市文明为妇女发展提供了崭新起点：经济参与机会和参与方式以及接受教育的机会和组织资源都会大幅增加；大工业产业、都市服务业以及新经济领域、文化产业、社区建设等，为女性提供了新的活动舞台。但妇女也将面对严重的挑战：利益流注的男性优先和女性滞后，使非农化在造成阶层分化的同时也将带来新的性别分化；面临城市功能重新定位和结构调整，女性有被边缘化的可能；而在城市化过程中仍然留在农村的那一部分妇女，面对农业的新一轮结构性调整，她们的命运同样有许多不确定因素，需要妇女和妇女组织做出积极的回应。

Urban civilization has provided a brand new starting-point for women's development in the process of urbanization, as manifested in the increase of the opportunities of economic participation and its modes of participation, the opportunities of receiving education and organizing resources, etc. Large industries, urban service sector, as well as new economic sectors, cultural industry and community development-all these have also provided new stages of operation for women. On the other hand, women also have to face up to serious challenges and the gender division attendant upon the division of the social strata. Meanwhile, it is still possible that those women who have entered the cities will be integrated into the marginal development of the cities. As to those women who remain in rural areas in the process of urbanization, their lots are also uncertain in many respects in face of a new round of agricultural restructuring.