俄罗斯农用土地私有化以及流转问题研究

Privatization of Agricultural Land and Circulation Problems in Russia

农用土地私有化和流转(市场化)是俄罗斯农业转型的中心内容,至今已经走过了20余年的时间,但是仍然受到多方的诟病。一方面,作为农用土地私有化标志的"土地份额"很难转化为实际私有的农用土地,这使得大多数的俄罗斯农民仅为名义上的私有土地所有者。与此相关的另一方面是,农用土地远未形成自由流转的市场,农用土地的使用效率低;改革以来,属于国家所有权的农用土地仍然占主导份额。从农用土地私有化的进程可以看出,俄罗斯的农用土地改革不是简单的对西方经验的照搬,而是具有鲜明的自身特色。但是这场改革尚未完成,未来的方向也不明了。

Privatization and circulation of agricultural land is core content of the Russian agricultural transformation.Russian agriculture has changed a lot for past 20 years,but it still being widely criticized.On the one hand, 'land' as a symbol of agricultural land privatization is difficult to translate into actual private farmland,that makes most of the Russian farmers only a nominal owners of private land.Another controversial question is that agricultural land hasn' t turned into market and use efficiency of agricultural land is low.Agricultural land in the state ownership still is dominant.Russia's agricultural land reform is not a hard copy of western example.The reform has its own characteristics and it is unfinished business.