6~18岁健康儿童水平方位声源定位测试方法的初步研究

Method of measuring sound localization for children between 6 to 18 years old on horizontal plane

目的本研究拟在前期已获得的4岁健康儿童水平方位声源定位能力的基础上,初步研究6~18岁听力正常儿童的声源定位能力测试方法,分析测试结果,健全国人数据资料。方法在标准测听室内,采用自行研制并已获国家专利(200520017252.1)的声源定位测试仪,分别测试20名健康儿童低频测试音(0.25~1.2 kHz)和高频测试音(2~8 kHz)水平0°、±45°、±90°五个方位的角度辨别阈值(minimum audible angle,MAA)。结果低频声刺激下正常听力儿童水平方位MAA(0°)=2.60°±0.8°,MAA(45°)=4.32°±2.17°,MAA(-45°)=4.47°±1.87°,MAA(90°)=15.4°±9.67°,MAA(-90°)=14.80°±10.22°;高频声刺激下正常儿童水平方位MAA(0°)=4.32°±1.25°,MAA(45°)=7.65°±2.21°,MAA(-45°)=9.20°±4.59°,MAA(90°)=21.00°±10.30°,MAA(-90°)=20.65°±9.29°。低频声和高频声分别刺激下MAA(45°)与MAA(-45°)阈值比较无统计学差异,MAA(90°)与MAA(-90°)阈值比较无统计学差异。受试儿童5个方位MAA值中,正前方辨别阈值最小,侧方辨别阈值最大,左右相应方位辨别阈值相似。同一角度MAA阈值变化与年龄变化的相关性无统计学差异。结论儿童MAA测试方法可用来评估6~18岁儿童水平声源定位能力,6岁儿童声源定位能力已经发育成熟。

OBJECTIVE We have investigated MAA among children aged 4 years with normal hearing in the past. This research is to investigate the effective way to test MAA in children between 6 to 18 years old with normal hearing, and to analyze the result. METHODS Twenty native Mandarin-speaking children with normal hearing were studied. Tests were conducted in a sound booth at angle of 0°, ±45°, ±90° in the horizontal arch with lowfrequency(0.25~1.2 kHz) and high-frequency(2~8 kHz)stimuli. RESULTS For children with normal hearing,hor izontal MAA with low-f requency stimuli were MAA(0°)=2.60°±0.89°, MAA(45°)=4.32°±2.17°,MAA(-45°)=4.47°±1.87°, MAA(90°)=15.4°±9.67°,MAA(-90°)=14.80°±10.22°, and high-frequency stimuli were MAA(0°)=4.48°±1.60°, MAA(45°)=7.65°±2.21°,MAA(-45°)=9.20°±4.59°, MAA(90°)=21.00°±10.30°,MAA(-90°)=20.65°±9.29°. No statistical differences had been found between MAAs of symmetric site of 45° or 90°with low-pass or high-pass stimuli, respectively. MAAs of low-pass stimuli were statistically lower than MAAs of high-pass stimuli at each testing angle. The MAA(0°) was the smallest one and the MAA(±90°) were the largest in the MAA of five standard positions. No statistical correlation had been found between MAA and age at each angle.CONCLUSION Our findings suggested that MAA test could be used to evaluate the sound localization in children between 6 to 18 years Old. The ability to localize sound of children of 6 years old has developed.