核质杂种小麦应用价值的初步研究

PRELIMINARY STUDIES ON APPLIED VALUE OF NUCLEO-CYTOPLASMIC HYBRID WHEAT

本文以普通小麦中国春细胞核置换到小麦属和山羊草属不同细胞质的38种稳定的同核异质核质杂种为材料,进行了生育期、生长势、苗期低温抗性、抗病性、剑叶光合特性、自交育性及主要农艺性状等方面的研究,分析比较了各种细胞质材料在小麦育种中的利用价值,指出了生产上有应用前途的细胞质材料,并讨论了核质杂种优势育种方法的优越性及其目前存在的问题和今后努力的方向.

With the stable nucleo-cytoplasmic hybrid wheat obtained by introduced nuclei of common wheat—Chinese Spring into the different cytoplasms of Triticum and Aegilops, we carried out a series of comparative studies on the genetic properties of theirs,including the different developmental stages,growth harlots,low temperature resistance in seedling stage,diseases resistance,photosynthetic characteristics of flag leaf,fertility of pollen, important agronomic traits etc.The results showed that different alien cytoplasms had dif- ferent genetic effects,among which the cytoplasms of T.dicoccoides spout, T.dicoccum,Ae.squarrosa,Ae.longissma,Ae.speltoides(k,Ae.cylindrica, Ae.vavilovii,Ae.crassa and Ae.juvenalis etc.possessed comparatively obvious superi- ority and they were of great importance in the ultilization of nucleo—cytoplasmic heterosis.In addition,the cytoplasms of Ae.mutica(p,Ae.speltoides(M, Ae.heldeichii,T.araraticum and T.zhukovskyi,etc,could cause the pollen of Chinese Spring to become highly sterile,but no other disadvantageous effects,thus they were of great value to the utilization of the male sterility of wheat.