论美国经济人类学的诞生与早期发展

Economic Anthropology: Its Beginning and Early Development in the USA

20世纪四五十年代，赫斯科维茨等一批美国人类学家在欧洲学者早期探索的基础上，顺应当时的社会现实，创立了一门崭新的边缘学科——经济人类学。我们通过对美国经济人类学早期发展阶段的考察，可以看到人类学和经济学这两门学科走向结合的过程，也可以看到早期经济人类学在不同层次上对各种经济类型所做的比较研究。时至今日，这些对我们的研究仍有一定的启发意义。另一方面，这些开拓者的研究也为经济人类学日后在更广阔层面上的发展奠定了基础。

During the 1940s and the 1950s, Melville J. Herskovits and some other American anthropologists, on the basis of the previous studies and in lines with the contemporary social situation, developed a new marginal discipline，the economic anthropology. This paper conducts an examination of the early development of economic anthropology, showing the process of the combination of the two disciplines, anthropology and economics, and exemplifying the comparative studies economic anthropology made on various economic patterns at different levels in its early phase. To date, these are still of significance and remain the inspiration for our researches. And the pioneers' researches also lay a foundation for the later development of economic anthropology toward greater breadth.