中美建交前后美国售台武器及其政策的确立

U.S. Arms Sales to Taiwan before and after the Normalization of Sino-U.S.Diplomatic Relations and the Formulation of U.S. Arms Sales Policy to Taiwan

卡特政府 1979- 1980年曾考虑向台湾出售一批先进武器 ,其决策过程与中美关系正常化的过程同时进行 ,影响了美方在建交谈判中在这一问题上的立场。卡特政府的决策过程为此后美国向台湾出售武器确立了模式 :售台武器是作为美国对华政策的一个重要工具而被使用的 ;其决策过程是一个官僚政治斗争过程 ,总统在这一过程中具有最大的和最终的发言权 ;国会具有很大的影响能力 ,但并不参与决策本身。

From 1979 to 1980, the Carter Administration made an important decision on arms sales to Taiwan. The decision coincided with the negotiations on the normalization of Sino-U.S. diplomatic ties and thus influenced U.S. position on that issue during the negotiations. Tracing the decision-making process, this paper finds that Carter's decision has set a model for later decision-making on arms sales to Taiwan. That is, arms sales to Taiwan is used as an important instrument in U.S. China policy; the decision making process is a typical one of bureaucratic policy in which the president has the biggest and last say; congress has agreat leverage to exert influence on the decision, but it does not take part in the decision making process.