“三顾茅庐”故事的文本演变及其文体制约

On the Text Evolution and Its Stylistic Restriction in the Story of “Visiting the Cottage Thrice in Succession”

在"三顾茅庐"故事的演变过程中,早期的戏曲文本影响了《三国志通俗演义》的创作,而小说文本一旦独立即沿着自身轨迹进行演变,到"毛本"《三国》最终定型。而戏曲文本从元杂剧到《草庐记》尽管在唱词、人物性格上有所变化,且在某些细节上受到小说文本的影响,却仍保持较为稳定的与小说文本不同的结构形态与情节逻辑。直到《鼎峙春秋》才以皇家的包容性又一次把小说文本和戏曲文本的"三顾茅庐"进行"有限制"的结合。两种文本的"三顾茅庐"之所以能够相对独立发展,缘于阅读与演剧的"创作/演出"与"阅读/观剧"的分野,戏曲文本之所以在《三国演义》盛行后仍沿袭旧有文本形态,是由它的演剧特征决定的。

In the course of the evolution of the story of 'visiting the cottage thrice in succession',the early drama text influenced the creation of The Popular Romance of the Three Kingdoms,and the novel text evolved along its own track once it was independent,and finally Ma Zonggang finalized the edition of The Three Kingdoms.although the drama text From Zaju in the Yuan dynasty to The Story of Caolu,although the drama text has some changes in lyrics and characters,and is influenced by the novel text in some details,it still maintains a relatively stable structure and plot logic different from the novel text.It was not until The Spring and Autumn Annals of the Three Kingdoms has limits to combine the novel text and the drama text of 'visiting the cottage thrice in succession' again with the royal inclusiveness.The relatively independent development of 'visiting the cottage thrice in succession' in the two kinds of texts is due to the distinction between 'creation/performance' of reading and acting and 'reading/watching drama'.The reason why the drama text still follows the old textual form after the popularity of 'The Romance of the Three Kingdoms' is determined by its dramatic characteristics.