水稻高产的生理学研究

Studies on Physiological Aspects of High Yield in Rice

研究结果表明,生物产量的突破是水稻进一步高产的物质基础,实现这一目的除应通过株形改良和高产栽培来提高最适叶面积指数和延长冠层持续时间外,还应考虑提高品种的单叶光合速率。比叶重、含氮量、气孔密度和气体扩散阻力等叶片质量性状既与单叶光合效率有关,又便于在高产育种和高产栽培实践中应用,在目前尚无简单实用的单叶光合速率测试方法情况下,这些性状作为培育高单叶光合速率品种的间接指标是切实可行的。此外,本文还就群体最适叶面积指数和源库关系问题进行了讨论。

Based on literature available,and from recent year observation and practice,physiological aspects of rice breeding and cultivation for high yield are discussed in this paper.The authors hold that the existing total biomass yield has to be broken through in rice breeding and cultivation for super-high yield in the future.Therefore it is desirable to improve leaf quality,that is to increase net photosynthe-tic rate of single leaf.Besides optimum leaf area index may be incre-ased and leaf canopy maintained for a long period.Specific leaf weight,nitrogen content,stomatal frequency and gas diffusion resistance are good indexes of photosynthetic rate of single leaf,which can be used in practices of breeding and cultivating rice for high yield.In addi-tion,the problems of optimum leaf area index and relationship be-tween source and sink are also discussed.