贵阳地区400例哮喘患儿病情控制状况及影响因素分析

Asthma control status and effect factors of 400 asthmatic children in Guiyang

目的了解贵阳地区哮喘患儿病情控制现状及影响哮喘控制的因素,为进一步加强儿童哮喘防治工作提供依据。方法选取在贵州医科大学附属医院儿科哮喘门诊就诊的病程超过12个月的1~14岁哮喘患儿400例,采用回顾性调查的方法对其家长就哮喘控制状况及疾病认知情况进行问卷调查,以患儿近12个月有无哮喘发作为标准将其分为控制组和未控制组,对可能影响哮喘控制的相关因素进行多因素分析。结果在过去12个月内,72.5%的患儿有过哮喘发作,35.5%的患儿有过因哮喘发作的急诊治疗,17.8%的患儿有过因哮喘发作导致的住院治疗。家庭经济收入、家长学历、家长认知水平、坚持规范用药、坚持定期复诊是哮喘患儿控制的保护因素;个人过敏史、哮喘家族史、被动吸烟史是哮喘患儿控制的危险因素。结论贵阳地区哮喘患儿病情整体控制状况并不理想,与全国城市平均水平相比还存在一定的差距。家长对疾病的认知水平、治疗依从性及不良环境的接触等因素是影响哮喘控制的主要危险因素,认识并改善影响因素,有助于提高哮喘控制水平。

Objective To investigate the status of asthma control and the effect factors of asthmatic children in Guiyang,and provide the basis for further strengthening asthma prevention and treatment. Methods A total of 400 asthmatic children who visited the outpatients departments of Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University were selected,theses asthmatic children aged 1~14 years old and the course was more than 12 months.Retrospective investigation was conducted to the parents on the status of asthma control and their cognitive level about asthma,theses children were separated into the controlled group and uncontrolled group according to asthma conditions in the past 12 months.Multivariate analysis was carried out on the related factors likely to affect the asthma control. Results In the past 12 months,72.5% asthmatic children had asthma attacks,35.5% asthmatic children had visited the emergency room,and 17.8% asthmatic children had been hospitalized.Family economic condition,parents' education,parents' cognitive level,adhere to normalized medication and regular visits were protective factors of asthma control,personal history of allergy,family history of asthma,and history of passive smoking were risk factors of asthma control. Conclusions Children's asthma is poorly controlled in Guiyang area,there is a certain gap compared with the national average city.Parents' cognitive level,treatment adherence,contacting with bad environment are the main factors of asthma control.Understanding and improving the influencing factors can help to improve the level of asthma control.