厦门市352例学龄前儿童营养与饮食行为的相关性分析

Research of the relationship between preschool children's nutrition and family eating behavior

目的分析城乡学龄前儿童的营养状况与饮食行为的关系。方法对厦门市城乡3所幼儿园的352例学龄前儿童进行儿童体格测量、营养评估和家庭饮食行为问卷调查,应用SPSS 22.0软件分析影响因素。结果 352例学龄前儿童营养状况:超重检出率为8.24%(29/352),肥胖3.13%(11/352),生长迟缓0.85%(3/352);身高低于中位数者占45.5%(132/352)。线性回归分析显示:儿童年龄别身高与出生身长、父母身高、鱼类海产品摄入、人均收入显著相关(P<0.01),儿童年龄别体重仅与出生体重和父亲体重显著相关,Spearman相关性分析城市儿童身高高于乡村儿童(r=0.178,P<0.01)。儿童体质指数(BMI)的线性回归分析发现,进餐速度、玩电子产品时间越长、越"希望孩子吃得多"、越认为"孩子胖就是健康",儿童的BMI数值就越高。结论长期动态监测学龄前儿童的体格发育、营养及饮食行为,及时发现问题并积极采取有效措施进行纠正,有利于学龄前儿童的健康成长。

Objective To analyze the relationship between nutritional status and family eating behavior in urban and rural preschool children.Method A total of 352 preschool children were selected from 3 kindergartens of urban and rural district in Xiamen,and were evaluated for body weight and height,nutrition status and family eating behavior by questionnaire survey.SPSS 22.0 software was used to analyze data.Results Preschool children's nutritional status:the incidence of children overweight obesity and growth retardation were 8.24%(29/352),3.13%(11/352) and 0.85%(3/352),respectivelly.45.5%(132/352) children's height were lower than medium height.Linear regression showed that birth height,parents' height,fish eating,average income were significantly associated with height-for-age (P<0.05).Children's weight-forage was positively associated with birth weight and father's weight (P<0.01).Spearman correlation analysis showed height of children from city was higher that those in rural children.Children's BMI linear regression analysis indicated that quicker dine speed,more time on playing electronic products,expecting kids eating more,the more regarding overweight as healthy,then the higher the children's body mass index (BMI).Conclusion Long-term monitoring children's growth nutrition and eating behavior,as well as taking positive intervention targeting the problem,will help the healthy growth of preschool children.