深圳市南山区7940名学龄前儿童感觉加工能力分析

Analysis on sensory processing of 7 940 preschool children in Nanshan district of Shenzhen

目的调查南山区学龄前儿童感觉加工能力。方法采用整群抽样的方式,对深圳南山区84所幼托机构儿童的家长发放"简式感觉剖析量表"进行问卷调查。结果学龄前男童与女童比较,男童的味觉/嗅觉敏感性(P=0.007)、运动敏感性(P=0.005)、低反应度/寻求感觉(P<0.001)、听觉过滤(P<0.001)得分低于女童。3岁组儿童运动敏感性、低反应性/寻求感觉、听觉过滤因子分较低,5岁组儿童运动敏感性(P<0.001)、低反应性/寻求感觉(P<0.001)、听觉过滤(P<0.001)、精神不振/虚弱(P<0.001)因子分较3岁组与4岁组儿童高。运动敏感性、低反应性/寻求感觉、听觉过滤、精神不振/虚弱因子分随年龄增长呈增高趋势。结论男童的感觉加工困难程度高于女童,学龄前儿童的感觉加工变异随着年龄增长呈逐渐减缓趋势。

Objective To analyze sensory processing of preschool children in Nanshan district,Shenzhen.MethodsCluster sampling survey was used.The "short sensory profile" was issued to children's parents in 84 kindergartens in Nanshan district,Shenzhen.Results The sums of taste/smell sensitivity(15.85±2.78 vs 16.02±2.70),t=-0.712,P=0.007),movement sensitivity(12.64±2.03 vs 12.77±1.97,t=-2.821,P=0.005),under responsive/seek sensation(26.14±4.51 vs 27.14±4.4,t=-9.827,P<0.001)and auditory filtering(21.43±3.92 vs 21.89±4.00,t=-5.212,P<0.001)items of boys were lower than those of girls.The sums of movement sensitivity(12.21±2.25),underresponsive/seek sensation(25.40±4.74)and auditory filtering(20.93±3.98)items of 3-year-old children were relatively low.The sums of movement sensitivity(12.84±1.94,F=10.74,P<0.001),underresponsive/seek sensation(27.03±4.51,F=13.95,P<0.001),auditory filtering(21.79±3.98,F=5.23,P<0.001)and low energy/weak(26.44±3.44,F=3.85,P<0.001)items of 5-year-old children were higher than those of 3~4-year-old children.The sums of movement sensitivity,underresponsive/seek sensation,auditory filtering and low energy/weak items were higher with age.Conclusions The definite difference rate of sensory processing of boys is higher than girls.The definite difference rate of sensory processing shows gradual deceasing trend with age.