住院婴幼儿847例中重度营养不良的临床特征分析

Analysis on clinical features of 847 hospitalized infants with medium and severe malnutrition

目的通过分析婴幼儿营养不良临床特征及病因,以期提高临床诊疗水平,降低营养不良发生率。方法回顾性分析2012-2015年本院847例0～3岁中重度营养不良婴幼儿的一般情况、就诊症状、并发症、相关辅助检查等临床资料。结果中度营养不良395例(46.6%),重度营养不良452例(53.4%),两组患儿出生体重分别为(2.95±0.58)kg、(2.64±0.67)kg,均低于正常儿童出生体重。两组母乳喂养率分别为54.8%、40.7%,且均存在辅食添加不当。主要就诊症状为咳嗽(46.9%)、发热(28.9%)、腹泻(16.4%)、气促(15.7%),易并发呼吸道及消化道感染,也可同时伴有先天性心脏病、先天性喉软骨发育不良、脑性瘫痪等先天发育异常及电解质紊乱。结论营养不良的病因为多方面的,对于住院患儿,在积极寻找病因的同时,要注意防治感染及电解质紊乱。

Objective To analyze the clinical features and etiology of malnutrition infants, in order to improve clinical diagnosis and treatment, and to reduce the incidence of malnutrition in infants. Methods Clinical data such as basic information, symptoms, complication and auxiliary examination were retrospectively analyzed among 847 infants aged 0 to 3-year-old with medium and severe malnutrition in 2012-2015. Results Totally 395(46.6%) infants were in moderate malnutrition,and 452(53.4%) infants were in severe malnutrition.The birth weights of two groups were(2.95±0.58) kg and(2.64±0.67) kg respectively, both of which were lower than that of normal infants.Breast-feeding rates of two groups were 54.8% and 40.7%, and the complementary feeding was improper in some cases.The chief complaints were cough(46.9%),fever(28.9%),diarrhea(16.4%) and polypnea(15.7%).Children with moderate and severe malnutrition often are more likely to develop respiratory and digestive infection, congenital heart disease(CHD), congenital laryngeal cartilage dysplasia, cerebral palsy and electrolyte disturbance in the same time. Conclusions Malnutrition is a multifaceted disease.Attention should be paid to the prevention and treatment of infection and electrolyte disorders while actively seeking etiological factor for hospitalized children.