宁夏回族自治区永宁县中学生营养状况及影响因素调查研究

Study on the current status and influencing factors for nutrition of middle school students in Yongning County, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region

目的了解宁夏回族自治区永宁县中学生营养状况及其影响因素,为改善当地中学生营养状况并制定科学有效的营养干预措施提供理论依据。方法采用分层整群随机抽样方法,抽取永宁县3所中学,共1 091名中学生进行体格测量和问卷调查。使用体重指数(BMI)评价营养状况,并对可能影响营养状况的因素进行Logistic回归分析。结果 1 091名中学生营养不良、正常、超重肥胖检出率分别是13.75%、77.18%、9.07%。男生营养不良和超重肥胖率(16.67%、14.23%)均明显高于女生(11.35%、4.84%),差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。独生子女超重肥胖率(13.70%)明显高于非独生子女(7.55%),差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。Logistic回归显示,女生(OR=0.611,95%CI:0.422~0.883)、母亲职业为个体工商户(OR=0.242,95%CI:0.093~0.626),不挑食(OR=0.602,95%CI:0.420~0.862)是营养不良的保护因素,而无家族肥胖史(OR=2.513,95%CI:1.059~5.959)则是该地营养不良的危险因素。另外,女生(OR=0.263,95%CI:0.159~0.433)、非独生子女(OR=0.432,95%CI:0.257~0.727)、无家族肥胖史(OR=0.138,95%CI:0.079~0.241)是超重肥胖的保护因素,而睡眠时间超过10 h(OR=13.154,95%CI:1.468~117.850)则是该地超重肥胖的危险因素。结论宁夏回族自治区永宁县中学生营养不良与超重肥胖现象并存,男生和独生子女的营养问题较为突出。社会、学校以及家庭应采取针对性的干预措施及时扭转当地营养状况的不良局面。

Objective To know about the nutritional status and its influencing factors in middle school students from Yongning County,Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region,in order to provide theoretical basis for scientific intervention on improving nutrition status.Methods A total of 1 091 middle school students were selected to take physical examination and fill out questionnaires.Body mass index(BMI)was used to evaluate nutritional status and Logistic regression analysis was used to analyze influencing factors of nutritional status.Results The detection rates of malnutrition,normal nutrition,overweight and obesity among the 1 091 middle school students were 13.75%,77.18%and 9.07%,respectively.The detection rates of malnutrition and overweight and obesity in boys(16.67%,14.23%)were significantly higher than girls(11.35%,4.84%).The prevalence of overweight and obesity in only children(13.70%)was significantly higher than that in children with siblings(7.55%).The protective factors for malnutrition of middle school students included female(OR=0.611,95%CI:0.422-0.883),maternal occupation of individual business(OR=0.242,95%CI:0.093-0.626)and non-picky eaters(OR=0.602,95%CI:0.420-0.862).No family history of obesity(OR=2.513,95%CI:1.059-5.959)was a risk factor for malnutrition in the area.Meanwhile,the protective factors for overweight and obesity of middle school students included female(OR=0.263,95%CI:0.159-0.433),non-only children(OR=0.432,95%CI:0.257-0.727),and no family history of obesity(OR=0.138,95%CI:0.079-0.241).Sleep time more than 10 hours(OR=13.154,95%CI:1.468-117.850)was a risk factor for overweight and obesity in this area.Conclusions Malnutrition and obesity exist in middle school students in Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region.And the nutritional problems in boys and only children are more prevalent.Thus society,schools and families should adopt targeted interventions to reverse the unfavorable situation of the nutritional status.