家庭养育环境对幼儿语言发育迟缓影响的病例对照研究

Case-control study on the association between home environment and infant language delay

目的研究儿童家庭养育环境对幼儿语言发育迟缓的影响,为促进儿童早期语言发育提供依据。方法采用随机抽样法选取2017年11月—2018年8月于上海市儿童医院儿童保健科诊断为语言发育迟缓的112例儿童作为语言迟缓组,以性别、年龄作为匹配因素,筛选同期正常体检127例的儿童作为对照组,利用1~3岁儿童家庭养育环境量表、幼儿语言发育迟缓流行病学调查问卷对研究对象进行问卷调查。结果语言发育迟缓组儿童的父母文化程度均低于正常儿童组,运动能、应物能、言语能、应人能发育商分数均落后于正常儿童(P<0.01)。正常组儿童总体家庭养育环境优于语言迟缓组儿童(Z=-2.884,P=0.004),在情感温暖/环境气氛、社会适应及自理、语言及认知信息维度中,语言迟缓组儿童家庭养育评价较差(Z=-2.032、-3.974、-4.835,P<0.05或<0.01)。控制了混杂因素后结果显示,儿童家庭养育环境是影响其语言发育的重要因素(P<0.01)。儿童言语能发育商与其家庭养育环境呈正相关(r=0.480,P<0.01),家庭养育环境总评分每增加1分,儿童言语能发育商DQ平均上升0.45。结论家庭养育环境是影响儿童语言发展的重要因素,建议家庭内增加儿童参与认知活动的机会,提高亲子互动的质量。

Objective To explore the association between home environment and infant language delay,in order to provide reference for promoting the language development in early childhood.Methods A total of 112 infants diagnosed with language delay were enrolled as case group in Shanghai Children′s Hospital from November 2017 to August 2018,and 127 normal infants matched with gender and age who took physical examination in the same hospital at the same period were as control group.Chinese Home Nurture Environment Questionnaire and Infant Language Delay Questionnaire were used to conduct this survey.Results The education level of parents in children with language delay was significantly lower than that of normal children.Likewise,the developmental quotients(DQs)of motor,object,language and social abilities in children with language delay were lower(P<0.01).Besides,the normal children had better home environment than language delay children(Z=-2.884,P=0.004),and the differences were statistically significant,especially on emotional warmth&home environment atmosphere,social adaptation&relfcane,language&cognitive information environment(Z=-2.032,-3.974,-4.835,P<0.05 or 0<0.01).After controlling confounding factors,home nurture environment was found to be a significantly influential factor for language development of children(P<0.01).The language developmental quotient was relevant to home environment(r=0.480,P<0.01),and if children′s home environment scores increased 1 point,the language developmental quotient(DQ)increased by 0.45 on average.Conclusion Home nurture environment is one of important influential factors to children′s language development,so it is suggested to give more opportunities for children participating in cognitive activities,thereby improving the quality of parent-child interaction.