凯恩斯主义经济学的发展和演变

Development and Evolution of Keynesianist Economics

凯恩斯革命产生了现代意义上的宏观经济学，凯恩斯经济学批判了传统经济理论中的“萨伊定律”，在三大心理规律的基础上发展了“有效需求不足”的理论，并提出了政府干预的政策主张。在凯恩斯以后，以美国经济学家保罗·萨缪尔森为代表的“后凯恩斯主流经济学”主张将凯恩斯经济理论和新古典经济学综合起来，在政策上大力推行需求管理。以英国经济学家琼·罗宾逊为代表的“后凯恩斯经济学”坚决反对这一做法，在理论上主张将凯恩斯经济理论和古典经济学综合起来，在政策上倡导实行收入再分配政策，以缓和资本主义的分配不公。八十年代以后，西方经济学界又出现了所谓的“新凯恩斯主义经济学”，这一学说引入工资和价格粘性理论，重新说明了凯恩斯主义的需求管理政策。

Keynesian revolution brought hot the macroeconomics in modern sense. Keynesian econonmics criticized the Say Law in the traditional economic theories, and developed the'effective demand insufficiency'theory on the basis of three main psychological regulations, and put forward the policy advocates of governmental interferences. After Keynes, the' post-Keynesian leading economics', represented by American economist Paul Samuelson, advocated to synthesize Keynesian economic theories and the neoclassical economics and to introduce vigorously the demand management in policy. The 'post-keynesian economics', represented by British economist Joan Robinson, resolutely opposed these views, and advocated in theory to synthesize Keynesian economic theories and classical economics, and initiated in policy the income redistributions so as to mitigate the capitalist unfair distributions. After the eightieth, the'Neo-Keynesian economics', so-called, aroused in the western economics circles, and drew into the theory of sticky salaries and prices to explain anew the demand management in keynesianist policies.