空蚀诱发相变对金属材料抗空蚀性能的影响

Effect of Cavitation-Induced Transformation on Cavitation Resistance of Some Alloys

用旋转圆盘试验机研究了 4种金属材料的抗空蚀性能 ,结果表明 :亚稳态金属材料Fe -Mn-Si合金、Fe -Cr -Mn -Ni和Fe -Cr -Ni不锈钢空蚀中分别诱发了密排六方晶体结构马氏体和体心立方晶体结构马氏体 ,其抗空蚀性能依次分别为 0Cr13Ni5Mo不锈钢的 7 3倍、1 8倍和 1 6倍 ;空蚀诱发马氏体相变有助于提高材料的抗空蚀性能 ,并与空蚀过程中动态相变对应力的响应密切相关 ;马氏体相变及其逆转变引起的能量耗散和伪弹性大大提高了Fe -Mn -Si合金的抗空蚀性能 .

The cavitation erosion of 4 kinds of metallic materials was studied using a rotating disc rig. The experimental results show that cavitation-induced hexagonal close-packed and body-centered cubic martensite are formed in metastable metallic materials of Fe-Mn-Si alloy, Fe-Cr-Mn-Ni and Fe-Cr-Ni stainless steels, respectively. The cavitation erosion resistance of the Fe-Mn-Si alloy, Fe-Cr-Mn-Ni and Fe-Cr-Ni stainless steels is respectively 7.3, 1.8 and 1.6 times as much as that of the stainless steel 0Cr13Ni5Mo. Cavitation-induced martensitic transformation is beneficial to improving the cavitation erosion resistance of materials, which is associated with the response of dynamic state transformation to stress in cavitation erosion process. The cavitation erosion resistance of the Fe-Mn-Si alloy is greatly raised by energy dissipation and pseudo-elasticity resulting from martensitic transformation and its reversible transition.