白肋烟重要香味物质组成的研究

Studies on Some Important Aroma Compositions in Burley Tobacco

采用同时蒸馏萃取、气相色谱和气质谱联用法对国产 (湖北鹤峰、重庆奉节 )和进口 (巴西、津巴布韦和马拉维 )白肋烟中的酸性、碱性和中性香味物质进行了分析 ,共鉴定出 2 0 0种香味物质。文献检索表明 ,其中有 30种成分为烟草中尚未报道的化合物。采用内标法对白肋烟中重要的 2 6种碱性、39种中性和 15种酸性香味物质的含量 ,以及酸性、碱性和中性香味物质的总量进行了定量测定。分析结果表明 :在所分析的白肋烟样品中 ,(1)国内外白肋烟均含有相同种类数的香味物质 ,其不同点在于 :①国产白肋烟烟叶的酸性成分总量低于津巴布韦和马拉维白肋烟 ,而高于巴西白肋烟 ;②国产白肋烟的中性香味成分总量 (不计新植二烯 )高于津巴布韦和巴西白肋烟 ,略低于马拉维白肋烟 ;③国产白肋烟中的新植二烯含量明显高于国外白肋烟 ;④湖北白肋烟的碱性香味成分总量与巴西和津巴布韦白肋烟的接近 ,略高于马拉维白肋烟 ;⑤国产白肋烟中的杂环化合物 (吡啶、吡嗪和吡咯类 )和生物碱类化合物含量低于巴西和津巴布韦白肋烟 ;(2 )国内 2个主产区白肋烟香味物质的含量在酸、碱、中 3个集分中的差异比较突出 ,即除了湖北上部白肋烟酸性成分的总量低于重庆上部白肋烟的以外 ,湖北上部、中部和下部白肋烟中性和碱性香味成分 。

Some important aroma constituents in burley tobaccos from different areas, such as Hubei, Chongqing, Brazil, Zimbabwe and Malawi, and from different stalk positions were investigated. The semi\|volatile constituents in tobacco samples were extracted by simultaneous distillation\|extraction, fractionated into acidic, basic and neutral fractions, concentrated, and analyzed by a capillary GC equipped with FID and NPD, and GC/MS. A total of 200 semi\|volatile constituents were identified, of which 35 constituents had not been previously reported in literature. 26 important basic, 39 neutral and 15 acidic aroma compounds of the semi\|volatile components were quantitatively determined by internal standard method and compared among these burley tobaccos. The results showed that first, the amount of each constituent was different in domestic and foreign burley tobaccos. The neophytadiene in domestic burley tobacco was obviously higher than that in foreign ones. Some basic compounds in domestic burley tobacco, such as pyridines, pyrazines, and other alkaloid compounds, were lower than those in Brazil and Zimbabwe tobacco leaves. Second, the amount of each constituent was different between burley tobaccos' from Hubei and Chongqing. Besides the lower level of acidic constituents in burley tobacco from the upper stalk position, the total amount of acidic constituents in the middle and lower stalk positions and of neutral and basic constituents in all stalk positions from Hubei were higher than those in the same stalk positions from Chongqing. Finally, the amount of each constituent varied with its stalk position. The total amount of acidic constituents in the lower stalk position was higher than that in the middle and upper stalk positions. The total amount of neutral and basic constituents in the upper stalk position was higher than that in the middle and lower stalk positions. The total amount of semi\|volatile constituents was also determined and compared. The repeatability and recovery of this method were given.