语言濒危原因探析——兼论语言转用的多种因素

An Analysis of the Causes of Language Danger: Also on the Causes of Language Transfer

本文以大量语言濒危现象为例证 ,对引起语言濒危的原因进行分析 ,认为产生语言濒危乃至消失的原因有两类 ,其中由于主动的语言转用造成的本族语消失是产生当代语言濒危现象的主要原因。在此基础上 ,本文进一步对影响语言转用的人口比例、文化基础、经济优势等多种基本社会因素进行分析 ,提出这些社会因素互相交织在一起 ,对语言的使用发生综合的影响 ,最终由取得优势的因素决定语言的发展趋势。

This paper analyzes the causes of language danger with plenty of endangered languages as cases. The author holds that there are two kinds of causes that result in language danger or even disappearance. The major one of them, in contemporary time, is the voluntary language transfer. Then, the paper further analyzes various basic social elements that cause language transfer, such as population structure, cultural foundation and economic advantage. These elements interweave and exert comprehensive influence on the use of languages. And finally, the advantageous elements determine the development trend of languages.