栽培措施对面包小麦产量及烘烤品质的调控效应

Regulation Effect of Cultivated Measures on Grain Yield and Baking Quality in Bread Wheat

通过肥水及化控试验对优质面包小麦的产量和加工品质影响的研究 ,结果表明 :肥水措施对产量和品质均有重要影响 ,具体表现为在相同施氮量和相同浇水的条件下 ,施氮时期后移和重施拔节肥使产量明显增加 ,蛋白质含量、湿面筋含量、沉降值和面包体积有所增加 ,面团稳定时间有所延长。随浇水次数增加产量有所提高 ,而籽粒蛋白质含量和面包体积有所减少。起身期适当叶面喷施壮丰安可以有效地降低株高 ,防止倒伏。而且主要是缩短穗下节间以下的节间 ,对穗下节间无明显影响 ,形成良好的株型 ,并可增加成穗数 ,但穗粒数有所减少。在一般中等土壤肥力条件下增施氮肥可以有效地增加产量 ,增施氮磷肥对面包体积有显著影响 。

The experiments of fertilizer, water and chemical regulation on grain yield and baking quality in high quality bread wheat, showed the main result that the treatment of fertilizer and water were important to grain yield and quality. In the conditions of same nitrogen application and watering, the grain yield, protein content, wet gluten content, sedimentation, stability and bread volume were increased with nitrogen application at late growth stage and heavy dressing at elongation stage. The grain yield was increased but the protein content and bread volume were decreased with increasing the watering times. Foliage spraying properly Zhuangfeng′an could decrease the plant height, prevent lodging. Moreover, it mainly resulted in shortened internode under the rachis internode, with forming good plant shape, and increasing the number of ear bearing tiller, but decreasing the per ear grain number. In the moderate condition of soil fertility, increasing nitrogen application could raise effectively the grain yield, however, increasing either nitrogen or phosphate application could raise the bread volume and bread score.