具有斑茅种质的耐旱甘蔗品系的选育

Breeding of Drought-tolerant Sugarcane Lines with E.arundinaceus Germplasm

经过固定光照 (12 h,2 5 min)和随后的递减光照 (递减率 15 s或 30 s/ d)等处理 ,诱导甘蔗属热带种的 Badila、IJ76 - 315等品系和甘蔗属中国种的广东竹蔗、江西竹蔗等品系开花 ,用作母本 ;采取调整种植期、剪叶等措施 ,延迟甘蔗属的割手密和蔗茅属的斑茅开花 ,用作父本。实施热带种与割手密 ,热带种与斑茅 ,中国种与割手密 ,中国种与斑茅的远缘杂交。杂交颖果培育的实生苗 ,种植于山坡大田中 ,通过常规的杂种圃和选种圃 ,以农艺性状优良、抗病耐旱为准则 ,选择到 2 1个单系。入选单系 ,经受一项干旱胁迫致死的处理 ,筛选最耐旱者 ,结果崖城 95 - 41最耐旱 ,崖城 96 -6 8、 95 - 18次之。经同工酶分析和形态学的比较 ,崖城 95 - 41是热带种

Shy-flowering Saccharum officinarum clones(such as Badila and IJ76-315)and Saccharum sinense clones (such as Guangdong zhuzhe and Jiangxi zhuzhe) were used as female parents ,and early flowering Saccharum spontaneum and Erianthus arundinaceus clones were used as male parents in this study. By means of the photoperiodic induction of daylength decreased at 15 s/d after a period of constant daylength treatment for shy-flowering parents and the regulation of planting timing and leaf removing for early flowering parents, flower synchronization were successfully realized, and the distant crosses of S.officinarum×S.spontaneum, S.officinarum×E.arundinaceus, S.sinense×S.spontaneum and S.sinense×E.arundinaceus were made. The seedlings produced by these crosses were planted and selected, and 21 plant lines were obtained owing to good performance in agronomic characters under drought conditions. A special test with drought stress to death was employed to select the best drought tolerant clones among them. The results showed that Yacheng 95-41 was a winner. It was a high-class drought-resistant clone and a real hybrid from S.officinarum(cv.Badila)×E.arundinaceus by the analysis of morphology and isozymogram.