岭南传统建筑文化的生态意蕴与现实挑战

Ecological Implications and Challenges of Traditional Architecture Culture in Lingnan Area

岭南民俗文化富含厚重的生态基因,海洋文明和农耕文明的融合塑造了独特的文化地域性格。这一文化形态,倡导人与人之间的和谐,人与自然之间的和谐,注重生态平衡,尊重自然、保护自然。岭南民俗文化渗透到百姓的生产生活领域,构成了这一区域内人们的独特生活方式、审美情趣、价值判断以及实践行动。其中,潮汕民系建筑、广府民系建筑和客家民系建筑具有代表性,将生态价值诉求融入建筑理念、建筑取材、建筑装饰等方面,在理论层面概括为"两观三性",即整体观、可持续发展观和地域性、文化性、时代性。但在现代化、城镇化和市场化等力量的裹挟下,岭南建筑文化中的生态文化被阻断。从建设路径上来看,须将生态取向纳入整体的城乡建设规划,重点突出生态建设的指标和引入立法实践;须适应时代发展的形势,不断发展出适合时代需求、满足现代生活功能的现实需要;须严守文化底线和生态红线,强化专业人才培养;须超越工具理性主义,增强科学性,拓展科技融入岭南建筑文化的实现路径,形成全方位、立体式的科技支撑体系,真正实现城市融入大自然,让居民望得见山、看得见水、记得住乡愁,将岭南建筑文化的生态意蕴推向世界。

Nurtured by marine and agricultural civilization, Lingnan folk culture is genetically full of ecologicalimplications, which values the harmony among people, between human and nature, and attaches importance toecological balance by respecting and protecting nature. Lingnan folk culture is spread in various fields of localpeople’s lives, constituting unique ways of living, aesthetic tastes, values and practices. In Lingnan folk culture,Chaoshan architecture, Guangzhou architecture and Hakka architecture are exemplars of infusing ecological valueinto building mentality, material selection and architecture decoration, which can be summarized as integrity andsustainability with regional, cultural and epoch features. But the forces of modernization, marketization andurbanization have been hindering the spread of eco?culture in Lingnan architecture. To restore and further developLingnan architecture, ecological values should be taken into consideration in urban and rural construction planning,becological indexes should be introduced into regulations, and the demands in accordance with modern eradevelopment and modern life functions should be expanded. The cultural bottom line and ecological“red line”should be strictly observed, instrumental rationalism be transcended and professional talents be trained to provide comprehensive and scientific support. The expansion of employment of sci?tech in Lingnan architecture culture isexpected to harmonize city with nature and spread the ecological implications of Lingnan architecture culture acrossthe world.