从情辞关系看《采菽堂古诗选》的诗学思想

Poetic theory in Cai Shu Tang Selection of Ancient Verse seen from emotional phrase structures

《采菽堂古诗选》是清初诗论家陈祚明评选的先唐古诗选本,其理论核心是情辞的相互关系。陈祚明认为好诗当以情为主、情辞兼备。他所崇尚的"情"是能同化他者的普遍之情、同有之情,且当以含蓄宛转笔法出之。他认为虽人人皆有情,但唯有"心敏""笔快"之天才,方能道出同有之情。他着重关注诗歌的语言,主张"择辞而归雅"。其"雅"主要就语言形式而言,与儒家诗教所强调的思想内容无涉。文质之辨、质华之辨,皆归于雅。陈祚明的诗学思想源于刘勰,针对七子派、公安派、竟陵派的弊端采取了折衷调和的策略,目的是使学诗者走上"诗工"之路。

Cai Shu Tang Selection of Ancient Verse was a poetry anthology of Pre-Tang dynasty, selected andcommented by Chen Zuoming. Its core is the relationship between emotions and phrases. Chen Zuoming believes thatgood poetry should be based on emotions with appropriate expressions. His “emotions” are the empathy and generalfeeling which can assimilate the Other, and should be expressed subtly and tactfully. He believes that although everyonehas emotions, but only the sensitive and quick-minded genius can express such empathy. He emphasizes diction,claiming that poetic diction should be elegant, that its elegance lies mainly in the form of the poetic language withnothing to do with the content that Confucianism stresses, and that all the philosophy and essence of poetry lie in suchelegance. Chen Zuoming, mainly deriving his poetic ideas from Liu Xie, adopts the strategic compromise to reconcilethe poetic genres in the late Ming dynasty, intending to enable novices to master methodology to compose good poetry.