2004～2015年湖南汉寿县垸内钉螺控制措施及效果分析

Analysis on the measures and effects of snail control inside the embankment in Hanshou County, Hunan Province from 2004 to 2015

目的探索湖沼型垸内亚型疫区的垸内钉螺控制对策。方法收集汉寿县血吸虫病流行及防治档案资料,对2004~2015年汉寿县垸内钉螺指标变化、垸内钉螺控制的主要措施及效果进行评价。结果汉寿县垸内钉螺面积由2004年的99.64hm^2减少到2015年的0.87hm^2,下降幅度达99.1%;活螺平均密度由2004年的0.15只/0.11m^2下降至2015年的0.03只/0.11m^2;感染性钉螺处数与面积显著下降,2006~2015年未查获感染性钉螺。结论在药物灭螺的基础上,针对垸内钉螺采取水改旱、养殖灭螺、沟渠硬化、国土平整、涵闸改造、小环境治理等措施,对控制并消灭垸内钉螺有显著性作用。为实现消除血吸虫病目标,各级政府应继续加大血吸虫病综合治理项目经费的投入。

Objective To investigate the measures for snail control in subtype epidemic areas within theembankment in Hanshou county, Hunan Province. Methods Archival data on schistosomiasis epidemiologyand control were collected in Hanshou county from 2004 through 2015, and analyzed with the snail change toevaluate the effects and measures implemented in snail control within the embankment. Results The areaswith snails were reduced from 99.64 hm2 in 2004 to 0.87 hm2 in 2015 inside embankment of Hanshou county(a drop of 99.1%). The average density of living snail was declined to 0.01/0.11 m2 in 2015 from 0.15/0.11m2in 2004, and the number of and areas with infected snail were sharply decreased. No infected snails were foundbetween 2006 and 2015. Conclusion The measures, implemented on molluscicide use basis plus transformingrice fields into dry land, raising killing snails, land leveling, hardening of the local canals and ditches, reconstruc?tion of the culverts and sluices and modification of the micro-environment, have led to effective control andelimination of the snail prevalence within the embankment of Hanshou county. Nevertheless, governments atdifferent levels are suggested to continue to increase investment in comprehensive management programs for fi?nal eradication of local schistosomiasis.