环鄱阳湖地区禽流感病毒外环境监测研究

Surveillance over the avian influenza viruses in external environment around Poyang Lake from 2014 to 2015

目的观察环鄱阳湖地区外环境禽流感病毒感染情况,为当地开展禽流感风险评估和制定防控措施提供科学依据。方法采用随机抽样的方法在环鄱阳湖地区选取县区为研究地点,在每个县区中选取地理位置临近鄱阳湖的自然村作为采样点,分别于2014年9月和2015年3月期间,采集禽类粪便、禽类饮用水、禽类羽毛、笼具表面擦拭物和蛋表面擦拭物等标本,并对标本进行鸡胚接种后进行禽流感检测。结果 2014年9月和2015年3月期间,两次采集环鄱阳湖地区外环境标本均为2 500份,秋季采集标本的阳性率(9.04%)显著高于春季(3.96%);两次采集的活禽市场的阳性率(41.80%和26.33%)均高于养殖户(3.96%和9.09%);笼具表面擦拭物的阳性率(9.43%)高于其他类型标本的阳性率。结论秋冬季节环鄱阳湖地区禽流感疫情发生危险增高,要重视秋冬季节禽流感外环境和高危职业人群的监测工作。

Objective To investigate avian influenza virus infection status via surveillance over the exter?nal environment around Poyang Lake for providing scientific evidence with the local administration to planstrategies in prevention and control of this infection. Methods Natural administrative villages in counties adja?cent to Poyang Lake areas were selected as sampling sites using random sampling method. Specimens colletedbetween September 2014 and March 2015 included faeces, drinking water and feathers of poultry as well asswabs of cages and eggs. Then the specimens were subjected to egg inoculation for detection of the viruses. Re?sults A total of 2 500 specimens were collected from the sampling sites between September 2014 and March2015. Specimens collected in autumn seasons had higher positive rate than those obtained in spring(9.04%vs.3.96%), and the positive rate was also higher in specimens obtained from the live poultry markets than that ofspecimens collected from farmers in separate two seasons(41.80% and 26.33% vs. 3.96% and 9.09%). Swabs ofthe cages had higher positive rate (9.43%) than specimens obtained in other methods. Conclusion Outbreak ofavian influenza may be increased in winter and autumn seasons in areas adjacent to Poyang Lake, and surveil?lance should strengthened over the external environment and occupational population in high risks in these twoseasons.