新疆区域文化对少数民族传统体育形成的影响

The Influence of Xinjiang Regional Culture on the Formation of Traditional Sports of Ethnic Minority

在我国新疆地区,少数民族众多,分布区域广泛.各少数民族间由于其独特与相对封闭的地理位置,使其在各自文化方面具有相对独立性,并且以各自独有的方式进行传承.典型的地形、气候环境造就了哈萨克族、柯尔克孜族、达斡尔族等游牧民族的马上运动,受气候影响形成了北疆图瓦人的雪上运动,南疆柯尔克孜族赛骆驼运动.围绕生产生活在游牧民族中形成挥杆套马运动;在哈密地区的维吾尔人中形成了带有模仿性质的舞蹈如:鸡舞、鸭舞等.在宗教、习俗方面受萨满教的影响形成以祈雨祝福为目的的萨玛舞等,同时柯尔克孜族的追姑娘、月下赛跑,维吾尔族的赛乃木,图瓦人的抢羊皮子,锡伯族、蒙古族、哈萨克族的射箭等运动习俗已经完全融入到各民族的生产生活之中.新疆的民族传统体育不但表现出多样性和地域特点,又具有鲜明的个性.

There is a variety of ethnic minorities with wide distribution in Xinjiang area. Because of their unique andrelatively closed geographical locations, these ethnic minorities are relatively independent in culture, and carry on theinheritance in their unique ways. Typical terrain and climate created the equestrian sports of nomadic Kazak, Khalkhas,Daur, etc.. Different climate in Xinjiang has helped form the northern Tuva snow sports and southern Khalkhas camelsports. According to the production and life, nomadic people invented lassoing sports; In Hami region, the Uighurpeople formed imitative dances, such as chicken dance, duck dance, etc.. In the aspect of religion and customs,Shamanism influenced the form of Shaman dance for the purpose of praying for rain and blessing. At the same time,some sports and customs have fully integrated into the production and life of the various nationalities, such as girlchasing,race in the moonlight of Khalkhas, Sainamu of Uighur, sheepskin-robbing of Tuva, Archery of Xibe, Mongoliaand Kazak. Xinjiang traditional sports not only show the diversity and geographical features, but also have distinctpersonalities.