日本民营银行法律规制研究--兼谈对我国民营银行发展的借鉴

On the Legal Regulation of Private Bank in Japan

为解决中小企业融资难问题,改善国有商业银行"一统天下"的金融格局,在历经多年呼吁与等待之后,民营银行的设立在我国全面开闸。日本民营银行产生于明治维新时期,至今发展历史悠久。为应对两次世界大战、泡沫经济和数次金融危机带来的挑战,日本政府多次采取措施,积极进行银行重组,出台各项法律政策,如今日本的民营银行已处于世界金融界的领先地位。日本民营银行在产权结构、内部公司治理、外部监管、相关配套法律等方面对我国民营银行的发展均具有重要的借鉴意义。

In order to ease the difficulties for SME’s financing,improve the financial structure dominated bystate-owned commercial banks,the government issued a series of policies to promote the legislation of private banks.Japan’s private banks have a long history and started from Meiji Reform Period. To cope with the challenges of 2 worldwars,economic bubbles and financial crisis,the Japan government has taken measures of many rounds,recombinedbanks,and issued all kinds of laws and regulations. Nowadays,Japan’s private banks are taking a leading role in theglobal financial market. Their equity structure,internal governance,external supervision system,related laws and soon,are crucially meaningful to guide the development of China’s private banks.