国家公园体制建设背景下中国自然保护地体系的重构

Reconstruction of Protected Area System in the Context of the Establishment of National Park System in China

在国家公园体制建设背景下,分析了中国自然保护地相关法定文件中对保护对象、资源品质和利用强度等方面的规定和问题。提出我国自然保护地体系的重构设想:增加国家公园类型,保持原有类型,同时重新评估和调整现有各类型自然保护地的保护对象、资源品质和利用强度。在保护对象与资源品质方面,提出自然保护区和国家公园应共同代表我国不同类型的生态系统;国家公园与风景名胜区共同代表我国"最美"的自然山水;国家公园是综合价值最高的自然保护地类型,其他类型的自然保护地以保护单一价值为主要目标。在利用强度上,提出自然保护区和国家公园应具有最严格保护的、禁止人类活动的区域;对各类自然保护地在利用强度方面的分区控制提出了相对统一的标准。同时,提出了自然保护地体系得以重构的4个保障。

In the context of the establishment of China's National Park System, this paper analyzes policies and problems in current protected areas-related legal documents from the aspects of protected objects, resource quality and the intensity of human use. A proposal of the reconstruction of China's protected area system is furtherly presented, which is to add National Park to current protected area system, and meanwhile to review and re-adjust the protected objects, resource quality and intensity of human use of all the existing protected areas. At the aspects of protected objects and resource quality, this paper suggests that Nature Reserve and National Park should represent the different types of ecosystems of China; National Park and Scenic and Historical Area should represent the most beautiful natural landscapes of China; in the proposed protected area system, National Parks is the type, which represents thehighest integrated values, and the primary goal of other types of protected areas is to protect single value. From the aspect of intensity of human use, this paper suggests that Nature Reserve and National Park should both have an area which is strictly preserved and has no human activities. This paper also provides a unified standard for the zoning of all kinds of protected areas. In addition, this paper gives some advice on guaranteeing the realization of the reconstruction.