中国与日本园林的“借景”源流

The Origin and Development of Borrowed Scenery between Chinese and Japanese Gardens

中日园林间渊源极深,"借景"可谓显见的共通术语之一,并为《园冶》所极力推赏。介于此,考察了"借景"术语的起源以及在中日园林间的流传,具体比较了"借景"在中日古代文献中的情形以及中日近代园林研究对"借景"的阐释,发现"借景"先于《园冶》肇始并早已传入日本,但在中日古代园林中皆未见多少回响,而近代园林研究则从《园冶》中再发现了借景。进而试图挖掘中日园林关联性的一个方面:中日园林智慧相通,但日本园林自有其鲜明特征,日本园林对"借景"的阐释亦渐受其独特性左右。

Borrowed scenery, which has been highlighted in Yuan Ye, could be considered as one of the distinct terms in both Chinese and Japanese gardens, which are connected to each other profoundly. About this, the origin of the term of borrowed scenery and the dissemination between Chinese and Japanese gardens is studied, the concrete situation of the term in Chinese and Japanese classical literatures is compared, and the interpretation into the term by modern studies in China and Japan is summarized. It is found that the term of borrowed scenery was initiated before Yuan Ye and transmitted to Japan quite early. It is also found that there are very limited responses about borrowed scenery in Chinese and Japanese gardens and the term was rediscovered from Yuan Ye by modern studies. Further, it is attempted to inspect one aspect of the relationships between Chinese and Japanese classical gardens, in which the culture and wisdom of the two is similar, but Japanese garden has its distinctive character, and Japanese understanding on borrowed scenery is also influenced by the distinction.