满族家规效力的历史与现实考察

Research on the Effect of the Familial Rules of Manchu

满族家规是民间法的组成部分,可以法的效力为视角,对其进行历史与现实的考察。从满族家规的现实根据看,在穆昆制发达的清代社会,满族家规有强有力的权力支撑,曾对家族成员的行为发挥着实际上的约束力;从满族家规的道德和心理根据看,它与其所处时代的主流价值观相符合,对家族成员具有相当强的心理影响力。因此,满族家规在历史上具有相当的效力。伴随着时代的变迁,市民社会的出现,上述维度中仅有道德和心理层面在支撑着满族家规的效力,作为一种软性要求,今天的满族家规实际上起着树立并倡导家风的作用。

The familial rules of Manchu are the parts of folk’s law, which can be speculated historically andpractically from the perspective of authority of laws. W According to the real foundation, the familial rules ofManchu have a strong power support in Qing Dynasty when Mu Kun system developed, and they restricted thebehavior of family members. According to moral and psychological foundations, the familial rules’ value ofManchu were Corresponded to the Mainstream values, and they influenced the psychology of the family memberspowerfully. Therefore, the familial rules of Manchu had powerful effect in history. With society developing andcivil society coming, only moral and psychological foundations supported the effect of the familial rules of Manchu,which have become soft rules. The familial rules of Manchu in fact advocate and maintain the rules of family today.