明代儒士身份确认问题探究

An Inquiry into the Identity Affirmation of Confucian in Ming Dynasty

明代注重儒士的选拔,社会良民经地方有司荐举至中央,再经朝廷考试合格后得以确认"儒士"身份。明初,士子由地方有司保举以"儒士"身份应举。正统九年后,士子须通过"科考"后才能使"儒士"身份合法化。此外,社会良民因擅长书法、篆刻等技艺经考试选入礼部铸印局及明朝其他部门中,也可获得"儒士"头衔。

Apart from the recommendation of local government to central authority as Confucian, the common people should also pass the examination set by the central government. In early Ming Dynasty, scholars could get bail for Confucian by authoritative recommendation, but later they had to pass the examination of ke ju to obtain the status of Confucian. In addition, common people with expertise in handwriting and seal character are enlisted zhu yin ju of li bu and other departments and conferred the title of Confucian.