茶园间作芳香植物罗勒和紫苏对茶园生态系统影响的研究

Ecological Effects of Intercropping Tea with Aromatic Plant Basil and Perill in Young Tea Plantation

通过茶园间作芳香植物研究其对茶园害虫和天敌种群数量、土壤养分状况、茶树生长及茶叶生化成分等的影响,分析间作芳香植物对幼龄茶园的生态综合调控效果。幼龄茶园间种芳香植物能减少小贯小绿叶蝉和绿盲蝽的数量,增加茶园中瓢虫、草蛉、寄生蜂和蜘蛛等天敌的数量;芳香植物间作区土壤中铵态氮、有效磷和速效钾的含量高于绿肥间作区和对照;茶园间作芳香植物能在一定程度上促进茶树生长、培养幼龄茶园的树势和树冠、增加茶叶产量。茶园间作芳香植物能减少茶叶中茶多酚和咖啡碱含量,提高可溶性糖和儿茶素含量,改善茶叶品质。可见茶园间作芳香植物是一种具有较好生态效益的茶园栽培管理模式,能促进生态茶园的发展。

To evaluate integrated ecological effects of intercropping young tea plants with aromatic plants, we investigated the populations of pests and natural enemies, soil nutrient status, growth of tea plants and tea ingredients in the intercropping plots. Aromatic plants intercropped with young tea plants reduced the numbers of Empoasca onukii Matsuda and Apolygus lucorum Meyer-Dür, and increased the numbers of natural enemies, such as coccinellids, lacewings,parasitoids and spiders in the tea plantations. The contents of ammonium nitrogen, available phosphate and available potassium in the soils in the plots intercropped with aromatic plants were relatively higher than those in the plots intercropped with white clover and the control. Intercropping facilitated tea growth, enhanced tree crown formation and increased vigor of young leaves, which are necessary for high yield of tea. Intercropping tea with aromatic plants decreased the contents of TP and caffeine, and increased the contents of soluble sugar and catechins in tea leaves, and finally improved the quality of tea. The results demonstrated that intercropping tea with aromatic plants is an effective cultivation method with great ecological economic benefits, and can promote the development of ecological tea plantation.