中国边缘海政策的演变与发展

The evolution and development of China 's marginal sea policy

海洋政策是海洋战略的重要组成部分，是影响国家总体战略制定的重要参考。边缘海由于其地缘位置的特殊性，在海洋战略中的地位举足轻重，对国家海洋战略的构建及海洋安全、海洋经济的可持续发展有重要的理论及现实意义。中国边缘海政策的演变与发展具体来说可分为三个阶段，即1949 年～1978 年的探索初创阶段，1978 年～1996 年的变革推进阶段以及1996 年至今的稳定发展阶段。在发展过程中按照近岸防御、近海防御、近海防御+ 远海防卫、近海防御+ 远海护卫的策略不断调整变革，由建国初期的以维护海洋安全为主，到改革开放后的以海洋经济发展为中心，再到20 世纪90 年代以来的海洋安全与海洋经济协调发展，60 多年来取得了长足的进展，既维护了边缘海的稳定与安全，又促进了海洋经济的开发与海洋环境的保护。近年来，我国边缘海政策随国内外形势及周边安全环境的变化不断调整完善，逐步确立了现代化的综合性海洋安全观，为海洋强国的建设积蓄了力量。

The Marine policy is an important part of the marine strategy, whichis the important direction of the development of the country's overall strategy.Because of its special nature, the remote sea has important theoretical andpractical significance to the construction of the national marine strategy andthe sustainable development of marine economy. The evolution and development ofChina's remote sea policy can be divided into three stages, namely, the explorationof the initial stage of 1949-1978, the transformation stage of the1978-1996, the stable development stage in 1996. In the development process inaccordance with the order of inshore defense, offshore waters defense, offshorewaters defense and distant sea defense, a combination of offshore waters defenseand open seas protection, by the early days of safeguard the safety of the sea based, to the reform and opening up of the development of the marine economyas the center, to since the 90s of the 20th century maritime safety andmarine economy coordinated development, has made great progress at the morethan 60 years, both to maintain the stability and security of the remote sea,and promote the marine economy development and marine environmental protection.In addition, the remote sea policy also varies with the change of domestic andinternational environment and the surrounding ocean situation, the policy formulationand economic development get better fusion, and gradually establish amodern comprehensive marine security concept and maritime power in the constructionof the power savings.