国内鲨鱼钳装置的研究现状

Domestic Research on the Shark Jaw Device

鲨鱼钳装置是现代海洋工程船实施打捞、深水起抛锚及海上平台供给等作业不可或缺的重要装备之一,主要用于钳住锚链或缆绳,并防止锚链或缆绳滑动,鲨鱼钳装置可与拖缆机、起重机、艉滚筒等配合使用。依据鲨鱼钳装置结构不同,将国内鲨鱼钳装置分为连杆式和叉式,其中根据鲨鱼钳及拖销所处位置不同,又将连杆式鲨鱼钳装置分为分体式和组合式。对各型鲨鱼钳装置的总体结构、研究现状进行概述,指出分体式及组合式鲨鱼钳装置在海洋工程船装配及使用过程中的优点,并对鲨鱼钳曲柄摇杆机构的工作过程进行归纳;详细阐述倾斜及竖直布置拖销的结构形式,对油缸驱动和几何限位等实现拖销旋转运动的2种方式进行详细介绍。

Shark jaw device is one of the key equipment for modern engineering vessels to perform salvage, deep wateranchor handing and offshore platform support operation. Its main function is to grip the anchor or mooring lines toprevent them from slippery. Shark jaw device works along with towing winch, crane, stern-roller and so on. Therefore, itcan be divided into two forms of triplex shark jaw device and fork jaw device depending on their structure, And then thetriplex shark jaw device can be further divided into the independent shark jaw device and the combined shark jaw deviceaccording to the location of shark jaw and towing pin. This paper gives an overview on the structures and research statusquo of the shark jaw devices, points out the advantages of both the combined shark jaw device and independent shark jawdevice applied to offshore vessels, summarizes the working principle of crank-rocker mechanism of triplex shark jawdevice, elaborates the inclined and vertical towing pin structural forms, and explains in detail how to realize the towingpin rotary motion with both cylinder drive method and the geometry spacing method.