论普通话与方言的互构

Mutual Constitution of Putonghua and Dialects

以语言进化论为研究视角,基于湖北省语言文字使用情况的实证调查结果,探索普通话与方言之间的关系。首先,在自然状态下的语言接触中,通过将普通话的实用性、广泛性和通用性与方言的情感性、有限性和区域性相对比,指明了普通话的迅速崛起与方言逐渐衰弱的发展趋势。其次,在持续互动下的语言竞争与选择中,普通话与方言相互融合、渗透。在多重力量的冲击下,加速了普通话优势地位的确立。第三,语言的重构建塑了普通话与方言共存分用的总体格局,呈现混合性、双重性、灵活性与社群性的综合特征。由此,得出了普通话与方言之间形成互构关系的结论。为了避免普通话与方言的二元对立,在今后工作中要不断摈除观念误区,树立多种语言和谐共处的观念。

In the viewpoints of linguistic evolution theory,the paper focuses on the relationship between Putonghua anddialects based on an empirical investigation of language use in Hubei Province,and the topic is approached in three as-pects. First,through natural language contacts,Putonghua's qualities of being practical,pervasive,and universal pre-vail over dialects' characteristics of being emotional,limited,and regional,leading to the future of the former beingswiftly growing stronger and the latter gradually falling weaker. Second,the dominant position of Putonghua has beenshaped through the interaction and integration of the two and the influence of multiple forces in the process of languagecompetition. Third,the linguistic reconstruction facilitates a new situation where Putonghua and local dialects will con-tinue to exist hand in hand while they are miscible,dual,and flexible,and carry social features. Therefore,the paperconcludes that Putonghua and dialects mutually constitute one another,and that,they should be allowed to coexist har-moniously.