对道德知行分裂现象的辩护与克服——从自由意志的视角出发

Justification and Surmounting of Moral Knowledge- action Split —— from the Perspective of Free Will

道德之知在一个层面上指个体对社会普遍道德规范的认知,在这个意义上,道德知行分裂呈现为个体有意违背社会普遍认可的道德价值原则规范,其中彰显出个体作为存在所特有的自由意志。对既定原则规范的反叛所呈现出的自由意志是人的高贵与尊严的表现,在这个层面上的道德知行分裂现象也应被给予辩护;但在现实道德生活中,要准确区分出自由意志与任性的差别,对任性意义上的道德知行分裂应当努力克服。自由意志作为本体论意义上存在,当它脱离伴随其产生的社会文化背景时必将陷入虚无,因而必须依托马克思人道主义的指引而回到现实当中。

Moral knowledge refers to one`s cognition of the code of ethics universally accepted in the society. In thissense,moral knowledge-action split is an individual's intentional violation of the widely recognized moral values andnorms and manifests the person's existence as an individual in the form of free will. The free will presented in actionsagainst established principles and rules represents human beings' dignity and from this perspective the phenomenon ofknowledge-action split should be justified;in everyday life,however,one should distinguish free will from capricious-ness and definitely the capricious free will should be surmounted. Free will exists in the sense of ontology and falls intovoid without the background of social culture that companies its occurrence;therefore,free will should,guided byMarxist humanitarianism,return to realities.