高通量测序分析涠洲油气田开发区的微生物群落结构

Composition of bacterial community in Weizhou oil exploring field revealed by high-throughput sequencing

基于16S r RNA基因,采用Illumina Mi Seq高通量测序技术分析和比较了涠洲油气田开发区表层海水和沉积物中微生物群落结构。Shannon多样性指数表明涠洲油气田微生物多样性较高,并且表层海水的微生物多样性要高于沉积物。表层海水中微生物以芽孢杆菌Bacilli居多,其次为蓝细菌Cyanobacteria、α变形菌Alphaproteobacteria和γ变形菌Gammaproteobacteria;而沉积物中微生物群落主要类群为γ变形菌。维恩图表明涠洲油气田表层海水的微生物组成或沉积物的微生物组成各自具有一定的相似性,热图和主成分分析则发现该两类环境介质之间的微生物结构差异较大。Illumina Mi Seq高通量测序还发现涠洲油气田存在潜在石油类降解菌假单胞菌属Pseudomonas、鞘氨醇单胞菌属Sphingomonas、红球菌属Rhodococcus和分枝杆菌属Mycobacterium,并且沉积物中该四类微生物相对比例要高于表层海水,这一现象可能由环境中石油类含量决定。研究将为评价油气开发活动对微生物群落的影响提供依据,并为海洋环境中石油污染的生物修复提供基础数据。

The bacterial compositions of surface seawater and sediment in Wei-zhou oil exploring field were investigated andcompared by Illumina MiSeq high-throughput sequencing based on 16S rRNA gene in this study. Shannon diversity indexvalues indicated that the bacterial community in Wei-zhou oil exploring field was highly diverse, and the bacterial diversity inthe surface seawater samples was much higher than that in the sediment samples. The main bacterial group in the surfaceseawater samples was Bacilli, followed by Cyanobacteria, Alphaproteobacteria and Gammaproteobacteria, whereasGammaproteobacteria dominated the sediment samples. Venn diagram demonstrated bacterial composition from the surfaceseawater and that from the sediment in Wei-zhou oil exploring field displayed high similarity. However, heat map and principalcomponent analysis showed that the samples from seawater and those from the sediment clustered separately. Illumina MiSeq high-throughput sequencing also indicated that some potential oil-degradation bacteria, such as bacteria in genera ofPseudomonas, Sphingomonas, Rhodococcus, and Mycobacterium existed in this field. Furthermore, those four kinds of bacteria inthe sediment were more abundant than in the surface seawater, suggesting that the oil concentration in the environment mightplay an important role in regulating oil-degradation bacterial community. This work provides some new insights toward theeffects of oil exploring activities on bacterial community and oil biodegradation potential in marine environment.