从仪式到展演:大摆手的历史变迁

From Ceremony to the Performing: the Historical Change of Dabaishou(Swinging Hands)

大摆手是土家族一度盛行的祈禳仪式,自20世纪以来,经历了几次断层与接续,其仪式与仪式音乐在内容、形式和功能等方面都产生了很大变化,经历了从仪式到展演的变迁过程。文章对3个版本的大摆手仪式进行比较,发现传统仪式以信仰为核心、表现形式复杂多变、宗教意味浓厚;现今仪式则呈简约化发展,多以文化展演的形式出现,其宗教性被逐渐消解,惟有部分祭祀歌尚存。

Dabaishou (swinging hands) was a ceremony for praying and driving off evil in Tujia Minority once prevalent, and it has undergone several hiatus and resume late since 20th century.Therefore its ceremony and the ritual music have had great changes the content, form and function and other aspects, experienced the change process from the ceremony to the performing.This paper comparative research on three versions of the Dabaishou ceremony, and noted that the traditional ceremony taken the faith as the core, performance form complex and changes,with strong religious flavor; Today’s ceremony is developing in the way of simplification,which mostly appeared as cultural performing, its religious meanings gradually digested, only the part of sacrifice songs still existed.