犯罪二次性违法特征的理论与实践再探讨

A Restudy of the Theories and Practice of the Features of Crime's Second Offense against the Law

犯罪的二次性违法理论已初具其型,但我们还有必要对这一理论中前置性法与刑法之间如何契合、在何种程度上进行衔接等问题作进一步的阐述和释解。犯罪的二次性违法理论事实上是刑法"二次性"规范属性进一步延伸和分解的结果,把握刑法与其他部门法之间的关系是深化谦抑理念的关键。应受刑罚处罚性的价值在于强调刑法的保障性,这就意味着刑罚的设置需要考量前置性法的适用情况。犯罪的二次性违法理论以"前置性法——刑法"的递进模式开展自己的叙述,时刻把刑法的启用看作是充分考量前置性法以后做出的选择,可见这一理论是建构在"实证"而非"经验"的基础上,因此具有方法论上的科学性。犯罪的二次性违法理论以法律关系为切入点,通过建构"前置性法——刑法"的递进模式进行思考,其中带来的最重要的理论意义是,强调对"法环境"的考察与解析。犯罪的二次性违法理论主要是基于自由刑法的立场,始终从法体系的角度把握刑法是保障法、具有第二次性违法的规范属性,在刑事立法与刑事司法中均具有重要的指导意义。

The theory of crime’s second offense against the law is taking shape,but it is still necessary to elaborate on how and to what degree the theory’s prepositive laws tally with the criminal law. This theory is actually the result of the extension and decomposition of the the criminal law’s“second”normative attribute;properly handling the relationship between the criminal law and departmental laws is the key to deepening the the tolerant spirit. The value of criminal penalty lies in the protective nature of the criminal law and the adoption of criminal penalty should consider the application of prepositive laws. The theory is recounted in the progressive model of“prepositive laws——criminal law”,always treating the criminal law as the last option after full consideration of prepositive laws. This theory is obviously based on“evidence” rather than “experience”, and thus scientific methodologically. The most important theoretical significance is its emphasis on examining and analyzing the“legal environment”and is important in guiding criminal legislation and justice.