112例非ICU科室住院患者利奈唑胺的临床用药安全性调查

Safety investigation of Linezolid in clinical application for 112 non-ICU inpatients

目的评价非ICU科室住院患者使用利奈唑胺的临床安全性。方法采用回顾性研究方法，选取广州市某三甲医院非ICU科室2015年1月～2015年12月使用利奈唑胺注射剂或片剂的患者病例，调查利奈唑胺引起的不良反应发生情况。结果共纳入有效病例112例，因不良反应难以耐受停用5例，因缺药停用2例，用药后出现不良反应的有26例（23.21%），包括血小板减少（15例，13.39%），血红蛋白减少（5例，4.46%），白细胞减少（4例，3.57%），恶心、呕吐（6例，5.36%），转氨酶升高（3例，2.68%），腹泻（2例，1.79%），皮疹（2例，1.79%），以及乳酸性酸中毒（1例，0.89%）。在利奈唑胺相关性血小板减少症的患者中，不同患者性别、年龄（≥65岁与＜65岁）及剂型间的发生率均无明显差异（P＞0.05）。结论利奈唑胺在使用过程中需关注其不良反应的发生，尤其是血小板减少和胃肠道不良反应。

Objective To appraise the safety of clinical use of linezolid in non-ICU departments.Methods A retrospective study was performed in patients treated with LZD injection or tablets between January 2015 and December 2015 from the non-ICU departments of a tertiary hospital in Guangzhou, and the incidence of adverse reactions(ADR) were analyzed.Results Among the 112 patients included, 5 patients discontinued LZD due to difficult to tolerate ADR and 2 stopped using due to deficiency of drug. The ADRs observed in 26 cases after medication(23.21%) were thrombocytopenia(15, 13.39%), hemoglobin decreased(5, 4.46%), white blood cell reduced(4, 3.57%), nausea and vomiting(6, 5.36%), transaminase elevation(3, 2.68%), diarrhea (2, 1.79%), skin rash(2, 1.79%), and lactic acidosis(1, 0.89%). Among the patients occurred thrombocytopenia, there were no statistical significance between different sex, dosage forms, patients for≥65 y and<65 y(P>0.05).Conclusion ADRs should be monitored closely when using linezolid, especially thrombocytopenia and gastrointestinal side effects.