典权与中国农村土地流转

Pawning Right and Rural Land Circulation in China

农地流转"三权分置"理论以"明晰所有权、稳定承包权、放活经营权"的合理内核传达出"坚持土地集体所有、保障农民根本权益、活化土地资源利用"的正确理念,为农地流转法律瓶颈之解决提供了重大参考。其关于农地产权的制度架构本身没有问题,但逻辑用语却存在法理障碍,在法律上难以清楚表达。传统典权制度可在保持基本制度架构的同时,借由理念指导为"三权分置"提供法律范畴的外观依附。典权"有买卖之实而无买卖之名"的制度功能使其作为一种切实可行的制度构建模式,既能够解决公有制条件下私权主体进入土地市场的难题,又能够让农民在农村土地集体所有权基础上更好地获得土地经营权流转收益的权利,中国农村土地流转可借助于典权实现其制度架构。

The "separation of powers" theory of rural land contains "clearing ownership, stabilizing contract right and relaxing operationright". It conveys the correct idea of "insisting on collective ownership of land, protecting farmers' fundamental rights and interests, andactivating land resources utilization", which provides a good reference for solving the legal problems in rural land circulation. The institutionalstructure of rural land property rights has no problem, but there are logical barriers in legal terms. The expression is not clear in law. Thetraditional pawning right system can provide legal support to the "separation of powers" theory by conception guidance, while maintainingthe basic system structure. The function of "tradable in fact while not nominally" makes the pawning right system workable, which can solvethe difficult problem of the private subjects entering the land market under the public ownership, and also help the peasant gain better interestsfrom rural land circulation. The institutional structure of rural land circulation can be realized by pawning right in China.