地基激光测距系统观测空间碎片进展

Observations of space debris by ground-based laser ranging system

卫星激光测距作为地基光电望远镜系统重要技术应用，可直接精确测量空间碎片距离，提升碎片目标轨道监测精度。基于上海天文台60 cm 口径激光测距望远镜，应用百赫兹重复率高功率激光器、高效率激光信号探测系统等，建立了空间碎片激光测距系统，实现了对距离500～2600 km、截面积0.3～20 m2 的碎片目标观测，测距精度优于1 m，具备了碎片目标常规测量与应用能力。此外，开展了空间目标白天监视技术研究，实现了亮于6 星等恒星的白天观测，并进行了望远镜局部指向误差模型分析，分析结果可应用于空间碎片白天激光观测的目标监视与引导。

The satellite laser ranging is one of the important application technologies for the ground-basedoptical-electronic telescope system, and the distance of the space debris is directly measured to improve the orbitaccuracy. Based on the laser ranging telescope with the aperture of 60cm at the Shanghai Astronomical Observatory, thespace debris laser ranging system is set up with the development of a high power laser system of hundreds hertzrepetition rate and a laser signal detection system of high efficiency. The routine laser observation of space debris maybe realized with the measured distance from 500 km to 2600 km, the cross section from 0.3 m2 to 20 m2, the rangingprecision of better than 1 m, for accurately measuring the space debris. In addition, the method of monitoring the spacetargets in the daytime is also studied preliminarily, and the stars brighter than six magnitude of brightness are observedto make the regional pointing error correction model. The method can be applied in the monitoring and guiding for thedaylight space debris laser ranging.