昆明市常见绿化植物冬季固碳释氧能力研究

Study on Carbon Fixation and Oxygen Release Capabilities of 18 Afforestation Plants in Kunming City

固碳释氧是植物的一项重要功能。以昆明市18种常见绿化植物为研究对象,测定净光合速率和叶面积指数,对其固碳释氧能力进行分析研究。结果表明:18种常见绿化植物的净光合速率日变化曲线主要呈单峰型曲线或双峰型曲线;单位叶面积日净同化量为31.25~125.17 mmol·m^(-2)·d^(-1),固碳量为1.10~4.41 g·m^(-2)·d^(-1),释氧量为0.80~3.20 g·m^(-2)·d^(-1);单位土地面积日固碳量为2.43~24.68 g·m^(-2)·d^(-1),释氧量为1.17~17.95 g·m^(-2)·d^(-1)。单位叶面积固碳释氧能力聚类分析表明,乔木(5种)、灌木(7种)、草本(3种)、藤本(3种)均可分为两级;单位土地面积固碳释氧能力分析表明,乔木(5种)、草本(3种)、藤本(3种)均分为两级,灌木(7种)分为三级。其中,日固碳释氧能力较强的乔木有山茶(Camellia japonica),灌木有鹅掌柴(Schefflera octophylla)和洒金叶珊瑚(Aucuba japonica),草本有扁穗雀麦(Bromus catharticus)和早熟禾(Poa pratensis),藤本有常春藤(Hedera nepalensis);日固碳释氧能力中等的灌木有八角金盘(Fatsia japonica)、红花檵木(Loropetalum chinense)和假连翘(Duranta repens);日固碳释氧能力较弱的乔木有蒲葵(Livistona chinensis)、小叶榕(Ficus microcarpa)、长叶刺葵(Phoenix canariensis)和金桂(Osmanthus fragrans),灌木有锈叶杜鹃(Rhododendron siderophyllum)和红叶石楠(Photinia×fraseri),草本有吊兰(Chlorophytum comosum),藤本有爬山虎(Parthenocissus tricuspidata)和蔓长春花(Vinca major)。本研究旨在为城市绿化植物选择提供参考依据,为构建城市绿化植物群落提供理论支撑,为建设城市生态园林提供科学依据。

Carbon fixation and oxygen release is an important function of the plants. Eighteen common afforestation plants wereselected in Kunming city. The net photosynthetic rate and leaf area index of tested plants were observed. The results indicated thatthe diurnal change curve of net photosynthesis rates of eighteen common afforestation plants has one or two peaks. The daily netassimilation, carbon fixation and oxygen release per unit leaf area was respectively 31.25~125.17 mmol·m-2·d-1, 1.10~4.41 g·m-2·d-1and 0.80~3.20 g·m-2·d-1. The daily carbon fixation and oxygen release per unit land area was respectively 2.43~24.68 g·m-2·d-1 and1.17~17.95 g·m-2·d-1. According to cluster analysis results, the carbon fixation and oxygen release capabilities per unit leaf area of 5arbors are divided into two levels, 7 shrubs are divided into two levels, 3 herbs are divided into two levels, and 3 vines are dividedinto two levels. The carbon fixation and oxygen release capabilities per unit land area of 5 arbors are divided into two levels, 7 shrubsdivided into three levels, 3 herbs divided into two levels, and 3 vines divided into two levels. For daily carbon storage and oxygenrelease capabilities, the higher arbor is Camellia japonica , the higher shrubs are Schefflera octophylla and Aucuba japonica, thehigher herbs are Bromus catharticus and Poa pratensis, the higher vine is Hedera nepalensis, the medium shrubs are Fatsiajaponica, Loropetalum chinense and Duranta repens, the lower arbors are Livistona chinensis, Ficus microcarpa and Osmanthusfragrans, the lower shrubs are Rhododendron siderophyllum and Photinia fraseri, the lower herb is Chlorophytum comosum, thelower vines are Parthenocissus tricuspidata and Vinca major. The study was expected to provide the reference basis for selectingafforestation plants, provide theoretical support for construction of urban greening plant community, and provide scientific basis forthe construction of urban ecological garden.